# CJC-1295 references — primary sources cited across this site

> Full citation list for the CJC-1295 research summaries on this site, with DOIs and PubMed/PMC URLs. Primary peer-reviewed sources, FDA briefing materials, ClinicalTrials.gov entries, and WADA documentation.

Every citation used across this site, with DOI and PubMed or PMC URL. Listed in order of first appearance.

## How this list is organized

References are numbered in the order they first appear on the site, starting on the home page and proceeding through /research, /dosage, and /faq. Each entry includes the authors, title, journal, year, DOI, and a PubMed, PMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA, or WADA URL where applicable. Where a publication is a regulatory document rather than a peer-reviewed paper, that is noted in the citation.

## Reading guidance

The CJC-1295 evidence base is small. A reader who works through references 1, 2, 3, and 4 has read the core mechanism-and-PK foundation. Adding references 9, 11, 14, 15, and 17 covers the clinical-development history and the current regulatory record. References 5, 6, and 7 cover the anti-doping analytical work. Reference 8 is the serum-proteomics follow-up. References 10 and 18 are the foundational GHRH/GHRP pharmacology that frames the synergistic-stack and sleep-architecture mechanistic claims. References 12 and 13 cover the diagnostic GHRH literature that contextualizes how GHRH agonism has historically been used as a controlled provocation rather than a therapy.

## References

[1] Jetté L, Léger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15817669/
[2] Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352683/
[3] Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17018654/
[4] Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16822960/
[5] Timms M, Ganio K, Forbes G, Bailey S, Steel R. An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC-1295 and other growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11(3):410-418. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30489688/
[6] Timms M, Ganio K, Steel R. A method for confirming CJC-1295 abuse in equine plasma samples by LC-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11(6):867-876. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30938069/
[7] Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21204297/
[8] Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19386527/
[9] ConjuChem Biotechnologies Inc. Study to Evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV Patients With Visceral Obesity (NCT00267527). ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial terminated October 2006. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00267527
[10] Bowers CY, Reynolds GA, Durham D, Barrera CM, Pezzoli SS, Thorner MO. Combined administration of GHRH and GHRP-6 acts in synergy on growth hormone release in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70(4):975-982. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2107173/
[11] Stanley TL, Feldpausch MN, Oh J, Branch KL, Lee H, Torriani M, Grinspoon SK. Effects of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312(4):380-389. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25027139/
[12] Yuen KCJ, Biller BMK, et al. Growth Hormone Stimulation Tests in Assessing Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency. In: Feingold KR et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK395585/
[13] Garcia JM, Swerdloff R, Wang C, Kyle M, Kipnes M, Biller BM, Cook D, Yuen KC, Bonert V, Dobs A, Molitch ME, Merriam GR. Macimorelin (AEZS-130)-stimulated growth hormone (GH) test: validation of a novel oral stimulation test for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(6):2422-2429. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23559086/
[14] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Briefing Document — Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting on CJC-1295. October 29, 2024. https://www.fda.gov/media/182088/download
[15] PeptideJournal Editorial. FDA Peptide Regulation: Complete 2025-2026 Timeline. PeptideJournal, 2026. https://www.peptidejournal.org/legal/fda-peptide-regulation-complete-2025-2026-timeline
[16] New Drug Loft / VLS Pharmacy Editorial. Regulatory Updates on Compounded Peptide Injections — CJC-1295 Class II Recall (July 2025). newdrugloft.com regulatory bulletin, 2025. https://newdrugloft.com/recent-regulatory-updates-on-compounded-peptide-injections/
[17] World Anti-Doping Agency. World Anti-Doping Code International Standard — The 2025 Prohibited List. Section S2 — Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, and Mimetics. WADA, 2025. https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list
[18] Steiger A, Guldner J, Hemmeter U, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and sleep regulation. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1992;17(2-3):145-153. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1438644/
[19] Van Hout MC, Hearne E. Netnography of female use of the synthetic growth hormone CJC-1295: pulses and potions. Subst Use Misuse. 2016;51(1):88-97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26771670/
[20] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 4, 2024 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting — Follow-up Briefing on GH Secretagogue Peptides. December 2024. https://www.fda.gov/media/183819/download
[21] Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41966639/
[22] Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15110491/
[23] GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11932310/
[24] Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20943777/
[25] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[26] Modified GRF (1-29) — chemical and pharmacological description. Wikipedia encyclopedic reference, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_GRF_(1-29)

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An editorial digest of peer-reviewed research — not a clinic, not a vendor, not a prescription.