CJC-1295 MD

§ 05 · References

Primary sources, in the order they appear

Every citation used across this site, with DOI and PubMed or PMC URL. Listed in order of first appearance.

How this list is organized

References are numbered in the order they first appear on the site, starting on the home page and proceeding through /research, /dosage, and /faq. Each entry includes the authors, title, journal, year, DOI, and a PubMed, PMC, ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA, or WADA URL where applicable. Where a publication is a regulatory document rather than a peer-reviewed paper, that is noted in the citation.

Reading guidance

The CJC-1295 evidence base is small. A reader who works through references 1, 2, 3, and 4 has read the core mechanism-and-PK foundation. Adding references 9, 11, 14, 15, and 17 covers the clinical-development history and the current regulatory record. References 5, 6, and 7 cover the anti-doping analytical work. Reference 8 is the serum-proteomics follow-up. References 10 and 18 are the foundational GHRH/GHRP pharmacology that frames the synergistic-stack and sleep-architecture mechanistic claims. References 12 and 13 cover the diagnostic GHRH literature that contextualizes how GHRH agonism has historically been used as a controlled provocation rather than a therapy.

  1. Jetté L, Léger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, Paradis V, van Wyk P, Pham K, Bridon DP. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  2. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
  4. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
  5. Timms M, Ganio K, Forbes G, Bailey S, Steel R. An immuno polymerase chain reaction screen for the detection of CJC-1295 and other growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogs in equine plasma. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11(3):410-418. ↗
  6. Timms M, Ganio K, Steel R. A method for confirming CJC-1295 abuse in equine plasma samples by LC-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal. 2019;11(6):867-876. ↗
  7. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
  8. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
  9. ConjuChem Biotechnologies Inc. Study to Evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV Patients With Visceral Obesity (NCT00267527). ClinicalTrials.gov. Trial terminated October 2006. ↗
  10. Bowers CY, Reynolds GA, Durham D, Barrera CM, Pezzoli SS, Thorner MO. Combined administration of GHRH and GHRP-6 acts in synergy on growth hormone release in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70(4):975-982. ↗
  11. Stanley TL, Feldpausch MN, Oh J, Branch KL, Lee H, Torriani M, Grinspoon SK. Effects of tesamorelin on visceral fat and liver fat in HIV-infected patients with abdominal fat accumulation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312(4):380-389. ↗
  12. Yuen KCJ, Biller BMK, et al. Growth Hormone Stimulation Tests in Assessing Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency. In: Feingold KR et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2019. ↗
  13. Garcia JM, Swerdloff R, Wang C, Kyle M, Kipnes M, Biller BM, Cook D, Yuen KC, Bonert V, Dobs A, Molitch ME, Merriam GR. Macimorelin (AEZS-130)-stimulated growth hormone (GH) test: validation of a novel oral stimulation test for the diagnosis of adult GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(6):2422-2429. ↗
  14. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Briefing Document — Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting on CJC-1295. October 29, 2024. ↗
  15. PeptideJournal Editorial. FDA Peptide Regulation: Complete 2025-2026 Timeline. PeptideJournal, 2026. ↗
  16. New Drug Loft / VLS Pharmacy Editorial. Regulatory Updates on Compounded Peptide Injections — CJC-1295 Class II Recall (July 2025). newdrugloft.com regulatory bulletin, 2025. ↗
  17. World Anti-Doping Agency. World Anti-Doping Code International Standard — The 2025 Prohibited List. Section S2 — Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances, and Mimetics. WADA, 2025. ↗
  18. Steiger A, Guldner J, Hemmeter U, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and sleep regulation. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1992;17(2-3):145-153. ↗
  19. Van Hout MC, Hearne E. Netnography of female use of the synthetic growth hormone CJC-1295: pulses and potions. Subst Use Misuse. 2016;51(1):88-97. ↗
  20. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 4, 2024 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting — Follow-up Briefing on GH Secretagogue Peptides. December 2024. ↗
  21. Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  22. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. ↗
  23. GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. ↗
  24. Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. ↗
  25. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. ↗
  26. Modified GRF (1-29) — chemical and pharmacological description. Wikipedia encyclopedic reference, 2024. ↗